Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a form of depression that usually begins in the fall and lasts throughout the winter months, though there are also less common occurrences of SAD in the spring and summer. Many people who are affective by SAD simply shrug it off or do not seek treatment, but the truth is that it’s possible to deal with the symptoms and keep moods elevated year-round. Below are some of the common symptoms, risk factors, and treatments associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder.

Symptoms

The symptoms of SAD are often similar to those of typical depression. Symptoms generally appear during the late fall and dissipate with the coming of spring, and they may become more severe over time. Some of these symptoms include:

•   Low energy levels sluggishness, or trouble concentrating

•   Sudden changes in appetite or weight

•   Loss of interest in hobbies and activities

•   Restlessness and trouble sleeping

•   Irritability or hypersensitivity to comments and criticism

•   Feelings of hopelessness or thoughts of death and suicide

In addition to these symptoms, there are several risk factors which increase the likelihood of suffering from SAD. Younger people, particularly females, are more likely to be diagnosed with SAD. A family history of SAD, clinical depression, or bipolar disorder may also increase likelihood. Finally, evidence suggests that SAD is more common in those who live farther from the equator, likely due to decreased sunlight and more extreme weather conditions during the winter.

Causes

While the exact causes of Seasonal Affective Disorder are not fully understood, several factors are considered to play a factor. Decreased levels of sunlight during winter months may interfere with the body’s internal clock, disrupting sleep patterns and contributing to several symptoms of SAD. Seasonal changes often also trigger changes in the body’s levels of serotonin and melanin, both of which are linked to mood and behavioral patterns.

Treatment

Treatment for SAD depends largely on the severity of symptoms. For those who suffer from bipolar disorder, or have a family history of bipolar disorder, it is vital to inform a medical professional before undergoing any form of treatment. For mild cases of SAD, light therapy may be used to mimic natural sunlight when patients are unable to make their home environment brighter. Mild antidepressants or psychotherapy may also be prescribed in more severe cases.

It is important to recognize and understand the signs of Seasonal Affective Disorder in order to successfully treat it. While it is common to have occasional days of mild depression or anxious thoughts during winter months, it is crucial to seek professional help if symptoms persist for longer than a week, or if you begin to suffer from serious thoughts of suicide or self-harm.

Jocelyn Farrar, LCSW

www.yourlifepathcenter.com